From tariqas-digest-approval@europe.std.com Fri Aug 16 11:13:08 1996 Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 11:53:20 -0400 (EDT) From: tariqas-digest-approval@europe.std.com Reply-To: tariqas-digest@world.std.com To: tariqas-digest@world.std.com Subject: tariqas-digest V1 #101 tariqas-digest Tuesday, 13 August 1996 Volume 01 : Number 101 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: Hugh Talat Halman Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 14:07:35 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Goethe: Khizr Coda (fwd) - ---------- Forwarded message ---------- Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 13:47:44 -0400 (EDT) From: Hugh Talat Halman To: Carl Ernst Cc: Bruce Lawrence , Vincent Cornell , Duke University graduate students -- (addresses deleted) Dear Celebrants of the Goethe News: The Fatwa missed the opening reference in Goethe's _West-Ostlicher_ . Here is the Khidr-ian call: North and South and West are crumbling, Thrones are falling, kingdoms trembling: Come flee away to purer East, There on patriarch's air to feast, There with love and drink and song KHIZR's spring shall make thee young. (quoted in S.H. Nasr, _Knowledge of the Sacred_ [1989: 96]) Truly the blessed olive tree is of neither east nor west. Let us go there you and I................... In 'ilm and rahma, Talat ------------------------------ From: woodsong@juno.com (Carol Woodsong) Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 14:45:54 PST Subject: Mother Teresa The fruit of silence is prayer. The fruit of prayer is faith. The fruit of faith is love. The fruit of love is service. The fruit of service is peace. - Mother Teresa A friend sent me this today... What a smile!! I wish to share the smile with all of you too! ------------------------------ From: "Michael J. Moore" Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 13:22:03 -0700 Subject: Green Mountain Green Mountain School wrote: > > as-salaamu 'alaykum > > maarof wrote > > >"So Lalla, any idea why the majority of Tariqas e-mail list > don't post to Habib?" > > I don't know why the majority don't post but I know that I do not post {but > do read or sample the postings} because the majority of threads are > almost always along heterodox lines which may have something to do with > later day soupism but little to do with sufism as it has been understood > and practiced these past 1400+ years. Hmmmm, I wonder what you think about the idea of the temporal nature of a given teaching. The idea that a specific teaching is given to a specific person or group of people for a given time and a given purpose, the idea that Idres Shah so often expounds upon. My problem is that whereas I believe this, I don't really know under what circumstances to apply it so it becomes a worthless idea for me. > > I have found posting from a traditional perspective which is admantly > Islamic {for sufism is was and will be at the heart of islam} stirs up > arguments, controversy and intolerance. Yes, if there is one thing I will not tolerate it is intolerance!! ;-) But seriously, I think we do not always favor people with tolerance but our intolerance must be balanced with humility. > > In short there is nothing much to say without it being mis-understood and > jumped on by people who, from a traditional perspective, are trying to > re-invent the wheel in order, it would seem, to appease, gratify or justify > their own nafs: advocates of the Frank Sinatra School {"I'll do it my > way."}. And the non-traditionalist may see the traditionalist as being 'hung-up' on external forms and mechanically executing formulations that died along with the people that they were intended for: advocates of the Tina Turner School {"What's Love Gotta Do With It?"} > > Islam inevitably is about surrender which seems to present a very big > obstacle and remain quite unpopular for understandable reasons to the > advocates of the new-age melange which trys to pass itself off on the > unkowledgable or uncaring as 'sufism'. Yes, I can see your point here. It is a difficult issue. I am told that even the Naqshbandi-Haqqani are seen by the more conservative Turkish Naqshbandi as being new-age for allowing the loud dhikr. > > So I for one don't bother to post except now and then for I have found > none so intolerant of Islam and the true message at its heart as those who > profess tolerance for everything. Are you going to let this intolerance silence you? I personally like your style( not that what I like matters much ). You don't mince words and tip-toe around sensitive issues. I find this refreshing even though I don't always understand. It was you who first warned me against the 'spurious soupis' as the direct path into the fire of hell! Anyway, if you feel that you have the truth then you MUST speak it, if not here then somewhere else. Doesn't your own religion say this? Anyway, speak up brother, even if against me! > > A. N. Durkee > Green Mountain - -- Michael Moore home page --> http://home.aol.com/michaeljm8 ------------------------------ From: maarof Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 06:29:09 +0800 Subject: Re: Searching for meaning and structure On Sat, 10 Aug 1996, mardini@webstore.fr (mardini) wrote: >What is the meaning of man's existence ? Can we use this meaning to >construct a socio-economic-political system for the human society? >mardini > Hello Mardini, A hundred (or maybe less) years from now, only our bones remain from this physical existence. Our society then will be "society of the graves". - --maarof ------------------------------ From: "Michael J. Moore" Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 15:47:35 -0700 Subject: Re: Help on the Path. Bryce G. Hoffman wrote: > > Assalamu alaikum. > > I have been following this discussion group through its archives, but have > only just subscribed. > > I have been trying to learn as much about Sufism as possible through the > Internet, with mixed success. I feel the time has come for me to choose an > Order, but I still have many questions (read nafs). > > I would very much like to hear from anyone out there who is part of an > active Order. I am particularly interested in the Naqahbandi-Haqqani > tariqa, but would like to hear from as many different voices as possible. Why are you are particularly interested in the Naqshbandi-Haqqani? I am asking because I to was particularly interested in Naqshbandi. I don't really know why, maybe I just liked the name or had some intuition. I decided to let this intuition be my guiding force. In my first encounter, I was disappointed to learn that this tariqa considers Islam to be pretty much synonymous with sufism. At the time, I had some wrong notions of what Islam is (no doubt I still have some ) that prevented me from accepting Islam. Shaykh Mazhar Jamil helped me to see things in a different way. When these notion were resolved, I took shahadah and bayat from Shaykh Jamil. Shaykh Jamil, who received bayat from Shaykh Muhammad Nazim al-Haqqani, is a man of impeccable integrity and a lover of Allah (swt) and his Prophet. He has never asked for money. I could go on and on but will force myself to stop. Since you are new, I'll suggest that you look at http://members.aol.com/naqsh/sufi/index.html It is not much but you get some basic information about our dhikr. Good luck in your search. - ------------------------------------------------------------------- > --- - -- Michael Moore home page --> http://home.aol.com/michaeljm8 ------------------------------ From: frank gaude Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 16:22:20 -0700 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) Hugh Talat Halman wrote: > Subject: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim > > A long but very interesting and literarily documented fatwa from Shaykh > Abdalqadir al-Murabit arguing that Johann W. von Goethe should be > recognized as a Muslim... Thanks, Talat, for the posting of MSANEWS. The intellectuals are at it again? Nonetheless, would like to discuss one thing that pricks my skin, the item below: [...] > Conclusion [...] > Everything contained in his scientific writings, especially +Zur > Morphologie; stands as a lifetime's propagation of the view that the > universe is the creation of a Divine Being and that the Creator has no > connected aspect to His creation. "The Creator has no connected aspect to His creation" I find strange based on my experiences... anyone care to discuss the meaning of how Allah (Divine Being) is apart from the creation? [...] > Shaykh 'Abdalqadir Al-Murabit > > Authorized by the Amir of the Muslim Community in Weimar, Hajj Abu Bakr > Rieger Weimar, 19th December 1995 Peace and love, tanzen ------------------------------ From: sarmad@ezonline.com (James Brody) Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 01:48:44 GMT Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) >[...] > >> Everything contained in his scientific writings, especially +Zur >> Morphologie; stands as a lifetime's propagation of the view that the >> universe is the creation of a Divine Being and that the Creator has no >> connected aspect to His creation. > >"The Creator has no connected aspect to His creation" I find strange >based on my experiences... anyone care to discuss the meaning of how >Allah (Divine Being) is apart from the creation? > >[...] To paraphrase or quote imperfectly a passage by Ibn Arabi from the "Sufi Path of Knowledge" by Chittick (a passage which astonished me when I first read it and keeps on bearing gifts): Just as the mirror (whose surface we do not see, but we see the reflections) is the locus of disclosure of those things reflected in it, so the Real (al-Haq) is the locus of disclosure of the possible things! ------------------------------ From: maarof Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 09:59:31 +0800 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) re: Shaykh 'Abdalqadir Al-Murabit fatwa (religious judgement) that Goethe was a Muslim. On Mon, 12 Aug 1996, tanzen wrote: > >"The Creator has no connected aspect to His creation" I find strange >based on my experiences... anyone care to discuss the meaning of how >Allah (Divine Being) is apart from the creation? > > >Peace and love, > >tanzen > Assalamualaikum, I don't think it is strange. I consider the concept of there is only One Actor hard to swallow, because it negates freedom. salam maarof ------------------------------ From: Well333@turbonet.com (Jacquie Weller) Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 19:57:45 +0100 Subject: The real taste, Poem Amy,my dog, ate my cookies; I was irritated, but then it changed in a moment to compassion. Allah you are always Peace in the stillness. Useless chatters ends remembering You, Your Peace that has no equal. What does it matter if fingers point. The point of focus is Allah, Still sweet water is Allah, and surrending all thought, letting go of all the labels, and stresses. Just letting go of shadows and accepting The real taste of God. Kaffea Lalla ------------------------------ From: Ellen L Price Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 20:29:49 -0700 (MST) Subject: Re: carol woodsong's question{s} I want to say "Thank you," to the writer from "Green Mountain School" for the thoughtful answer to Carol Woodsong's questions. Perhaps there are others as well who would appreciate your book list and list of teachers. Peace, Ellen ------------------------------ From: Steve H Rose Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 00:43:43 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: So Long/Maqam1(Important) (fwd) To: Maqam1@aol.com Cc: tariqas@europe.std.com, Listening-l@zrz.TU-Berlin.DE Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 12:37:28 PST Subject: Re: So Long/Maqam1(Important) Message-ID: <19960812.123816.5287.3.editor@juno.com> References: <960812101003_597560530@emout14.mail.aol.com> X-Mailer: Juno 1.00 X-Juno-Line-Breaks: 0-19,21-42,44-60,62,64-72 From: editor@juno.com (Bruce Morgen) On Mon, 12 Aug 1996 10:10:03 -0400 Maqam1@aol.com writes: >In a message dated 96-08-12 02:25:36 EDT, you write: > >>>>>1. I'm only a slave servant to ALLAH one of HIS creations who has >a lot to work on from with-in. >>>>> >>>>How is it that ALLAH would ask and reward servitude >>>>on the part of human beings? Is not ALLAH infinitely >>>>powerful and beyond all need? >>>> >>A question remains unanswered here, if you >>have nothing to write that's entirely OK! >> >Of course ALLAH does'nt need us and I never said he did, We all need >ALLAH because when we came from the womb we knew nothing. >To answer another Q" on ego; Once I had stop being driven by ego and I >was'nt letting Shaitan(Satan) be the director of my life and learn that >ALLAHU AKBAR Min Kulli Shayi >(which means ALLAH is greator than everything) I finally seen >Kenyatta for who he was a jerk, arrogant fool, one who needed ALLAH more than the >next person, Why? Because at that point I was His worse creation, slave >servant etc... > Do you see your arrogance as now purged by the grace of ALLAH, or is there still "a lot to work on from with-in?" If ALLAH has no need of us, how can we possibly be of service (the work of a slave or servant) to ALLAH? For such an omnipotent, omniscient entity, ALLAH seems rather demanding of his weak and humble creations. >>>>>2. My purpose for being is to worship GOD and to have humble >>>>>compassion toward all creation from the smallest insect to the >>>largest mammal. >>>>> >>>>Are you then a vegetarian? Aren't even plants >>>>included in "all creation" and therefore due >>>>"humble compassion?" >>>> >>>Know I'm not a vegetarian and according to the laws of islam hunting > >>>for sport is forbidden to me, so to take substance from the plant >life is to only take what I shall consume. I also make walking staffs & >canes it is >>>forbidden for me to cut down a living tree. So my friend Bruce does >this show compassion? >>> >>I cannot read your heart, oh shaykh, through >>this device. Let me say that if your dietary >>practices come from awareness of suffering >>and of our responsibility to those living >>things less powerful than us, then there may >>well be compassion in them. If they are the >>result of what is found in scripture, then >>there is only obedience, which is a hollow, >>mechanical thing and by its nature not >>compassionate. > >Compassion if any comes from what ALLAH has taught me through others, >seeing my true ego was guiding me, and yes the criteria of my life the Quran. >So I could never think that I'm so great fore I can take that return trip >in my mind and see where I came from and where ALLAH has me today. > Yes, it is clear that you depend ultimately on scriptural authority and the guidance of others. Thank you for clarifying that. I don't feel you are perceiving the essence of my questions, you appear to view everything in terms of orthodoxy, which is conditioning. It seems we are finding the limits of our discourse, thank you for exploring these important issues so courteously with me. ------------------------------ From: Michael Moore Date: Mon, 12 Aug 1996 21:48:55 -0700 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) frank gaude wrote: > > Hugh Talat Halman wrote: > > > Subject: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim > > > > A long but very interesting and literarily documented fatwa from Shaykh > > Abdalqadir al-Murabit arguing that Johann W. von Goethe should be > > recognized as a Muslim... > > Thanks, Talat, for the posting of MSANEWS. The intellectuals are at it > again? > > Nonetheless, would like to discuss one thing that pricks my skin, the > item below: > > [...] > > > Conclusion > > [...] > > > Everything contained in his scientific writings, especially +Zur > > Morphologie; stands as a lifetime's propagation of the view that the > > universe is the creation of a Divine Being and that the Creator has no > > connected aspect to His creation. > > "The Creator has no connected aspect to His creation" I find strange > based on my experiences... anyone care to discuss the meaning of how > Allah (Divine Being) is apart from the creation? > > [...] > > > Shaykh 'Abdalqadir Al-Murabit > > > > Authorized by the Amir of the Muslim Community in Weimar, Hajj Abu Bakr > > Rieger Weimar, 19th December 1995 > > Peace and love, > > tanzen Are you connected to yourself? No, you have no connected aspect to yourself, you simply are yourself; no need for an aspect. If I could morph myself, I would be a creation to which I had no aspect of connection. This is how I understood it. - -Michael- ------------------------------ From: woodsong@juno.com (Carol Woodsong) Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 00:20:16 PST Subject: Re: carol woodsong's question{s} Hello, and thank you for your reply! :) I'm curious as to what Green Mountain School is. Would it be inappropriate to ask about that here? On Mon, 12 Aug 1996 11:16:13 -0500 gmtn@mail.comet.net (Green Mountain School) writes: >as-salaamu 'alaykum, >carol woodsong wrote, >Obviously you have not yet really reached the point of throwing >caution to >the wind as evidenced by your which is perhaps better phrased >. This is most likely true. Although the i do not understand. I am almost always smiling! :) But, i am 'cautious' still... Good observation. >If you truly believe you are 'unknowledgable' why place it in quotes? Only because 'knowledge' is a subjective term. I'm not sure we've defined it here. I /have/ knowledge of certain worldly things. But the kind of knowledge i desire... i.e. knowledge of 'God' (again.. we define these terms quite differently i'm sure)... i do not yet have. I am absolutely unknowledgable, without a doubt, regarding Islam. >Perhaps you sincerely wish to do what you imagine to be "God's Will" No. I've been doing exactly that for quite some time. What i desire is to truly do God's Will.... i pray for this constantly (as constant as possible)... "Thy Will BE mine!" I wish to find a way to KNOW what is real, as opposed to what is simply my own ego getting in the way... >but i >would suggest that you have a long way to go until you reach the point >of >even knowing what that might be meant given the off-hand and flip way >you >open this most important subject. I most likely do have a very long journey ahead. I'm sorry if i gave you the impression that i do not take this subject seriously. I am serious... even when i am laughing fitfully! That is my way. If it is wrong... show me where i am wrong, how i am deceived... and help me, if you will, to change that which is imperfect within me! If i am unworthy of your attention, or if you cannot offer that which i need, i will accept that and go elsewhere in my quest... >If you want to develop your understanding of Islam there are a number >of fine teachers living throughout the world who might help you do that. [...] Thank you for outlining several ways i might pursue my quest for knowledge. But here's my dilemma... You are a human being. You are, i would assume, just as falible as i am. Why, (and i ask this with all due respect) would i trust what you tell me? Do you believe (or know) it is possible to obtain knowledge of God by way of reading books, or listening to what an educated person might tell me? Is there, in your opinion, a way to surrender to God that does not involve something (i.e., teacher, book, etc.) outside myself? I've been exploring this lately. I have a /need/ to know that what i am surrendering to is TRULY God and not some false idea. To give my/self/ is not something i take lightly. What i've seen as TRUE so far on this jourrney... is that which resonates deep within me.... in my heart, if you will. I must surrender to /something/ outside myself? But /what/? And what is this /self/? >Regarding surrender to Allah for which you profess to have an intense >desire i would simply say that it begins with a deep recognition that >there >is no deity {at whatever level} save Allah I believe ALL is Allah! What do you mean by deity at whatever level? > and that Muhammad, >blessings of >Allah and peace be upon him, is the final messenger and the mercy to >all the worlds from the Lord of All the Worlds. I do not know enough to accept or reject this. >How this realisation is arrived at -- suddenly as it is for some -- or >as a >result of patient study and deep inquiry as it is for others -- is >between >you and Allah for Allah says, {translated into English} "Allah guides >to >His Light whom He chooses." {Q24:35}. Okay... >As to your last request "TELLME how to do that!" i would simply say >that a >pure mind and a clean heart {along with other subtleties and fine >tuning in >various personal dimensions} are certainly very basic to the "how" of >surrender {Islam}. But, again... i'm stuck with 'how'! .... how to obtain a pure mind and clean heart... >I should say that the word in Arabic that Allah uses in the above >quoted >'ayat {or verse} to say "He chooses" has two meanings. >It means simultaneously whom He chooses and he who chooses. okay. >So it is really a matter of providential conjunction of Divine and >human >choice. I pray that you find your self to be among those fortunate >ones who >are both chosen and have chosen. > >wa salaam {peace} Thank you. May we all know peace... carol ------------------------------ From: Sayeed Siddiqui/scnm/Stentor Date: 13 Aug 96 9:29:23 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) Brother tanzen wrote: >> "The Creator has no connected aspect to His creation" I find strange >> based on my experiences... anyone care to discuss the meaning of how >> Allah (Divine Being) is apart from the creation? In my humble opinion, Islam is quite distinct between the "Creator" and the "created" and that is the major difference as a comparision to other religions. Many religions and mythologies (Greek, Egyptian, Roman, Mayan etc..) have adopted worship of the "created" in some shape or form while Islam treats the "created" as mere signs of God's omnipotent and all-powerful authority Quran majeed quotes many references to "creation", as issues for humanity, to reflect upon Allah's infinite Dominion and (IMHO) Worship is to praise Allah for His bounty and all provisions through the "created" A building is not the Architect nor a painting it's Painter Fi Aman Illah Sayeed ------------------------------ From: Keeper of the Dragon Flagon Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 10:21:36 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) >Date: 13 Aug 96 9:29:23 >From: Sayeed Siddiqui/scnm/Stentor > > >Many religions and mythologies (Greek, Egyptian, Roman, Mayan etc..) have >adopted worship of the "created" in some shape or form while Islam treats > the >"created" as mere signs of God's omnipotent and all-powerful authority > >Quran majeed quotes many references to "creation", as issues for humanity, > to >reflect upon Allah's infinite Dominion and (IMHO) Worship is to praise Allah >for His bounty and all provisions through the "created" > >A building is not the Architect nor a painting it's Painter That seems to be the issue in the myth of Eblis (Lucifer), who refused to bow down before the 'created', since he was loyal only to the Beloved. - --------------------------------------- Brett W. McCoy "Unix was never designed to keep Istvan Dragosani people from doing stupid things, istvan@gnn.com because that policy would also keep Disciple of the Eastern Mysteries them from doing clever things." of both Love and War -- Doug Gwyn ------------------------------ From: Sayeed Siddiqui/scnm/Stentor Date: 13 Aug 96 11:25:48 Subject: Re: Fatwa declares Goethe a Muslim (fwd) Istvan Dragosani wrote: >>That seems to be the issue in the myth of Eblis (Lucifer), who refused to >> bow down before the 'created', since he was loyal only to the Beloved. In my humble opinion, Being truly loyal means extending that loyalty to commands of the Beloved, Eblis was arrogant about it's own power (i.e. ego) and perceived superiority over other "creation" and did not comply to the wishes of the Beloved. The lesson for the "created" is for submission and humility to the Greater Will of Almighty Fi Aman Illah Sayeed ------------------------------ From: gmtn@mail.comet.net (Green Mountain School) Date: Tue, 13 Aug 1996 11:35:56 -0500 Subject: further to carol woodsong as-salaamu 'alaykum, carol woodsong writes >I'm curious as to what Green Mountain School is. >Would it be inappropriate to ask about that here? green mountain school is a north american branch of the shadhdhuli tariqah which is worldwide school founded some seven hundred years ago in north africa and egypt. your corrspondent, abdullah noorudeen durkee, is a khalifah of dr ibrahim muhammad al-batawi abu dhikri who is a teaching shaykh of the school. the shyakh taught for more than twenty five years at al-azhar university which is arguably the oldest university in the world. his subject was tasawuf or sufism as it is known in the west. he is in his 70's now and retired from the university but actively continues his teaching from his two zawiyah in cairo as well as thru a number of his long time students who are his khulafah in different parts of the world ranging from turkey, thru the central asian republics to the malaysian archipelago to the east and all across africa, europe and the americas to the west. the shadhdhuli school is one of the many schools or turuq {plural of tariqah} each of which has its own flavour. the teaching of the founder, shaykh abu-l-hasan ash-shadhdhuli was simple and to the point. he taught orally and wrote no books tho many of his supplications were preserved {the most well known of which is the hizb al-bahr or the orsion of the sea}. the shaykh instituted no special ritual forms referring his students instead to the well known five pillars of 'islam as providing the most efficacious of forms given its Providential source and discouraged begging and any outward form of clothing that would draw attention to the wearer. a.m.schimmel says that it is "an order that inspired {its adherents} to the sanctification of daily life" and she notes elsewhere that the teaching "in its subtlest expressions is directed not to a large community but to the individual." the principle 'doctrine' of the school is transparency and the dropping of self direction. if you would want to read something that neatly gathers together shaykh abu-l-hasan's teachings you might seek out "Ibn Ata'Illah's Sufi Aphorisms" {Kitab al-Hikam} translated by V.Danner. The E.J. Brill edition is the clearest if you can find it. it differs from many of the schools in that it is based on the principle of jadhb which is to say attraction rather than that of saluk which is to say travelling. saluk is the process of the soul travelling to Allah by Allah whereas jadhb is the direct attraction of the soul to Allah by Allah. the shaykh taught that if you did not get it at once from the one who had it the chances were that you would never get it. what "it" is is of course very difficult to define but simply put "it" is to know by direct tasting and realisation who or perhaps what Allah is, who you are, why you are, what is going on and what your own 'place' is within that realisation. what follows that realisation is tarbiyah or training which is exhaustive and which we refer to as 'breaking the knees' becomes it entails many years of sitting with your shaykh until you can incorporate the "it" you got into all aspects of your life. the shadhdhuli school differs, especially in its near eastern manifestations, from many turuq in that the shaykh seldom takes many students at any one time preferring to work with a few students {muridun} in great depth over a long time and with great thoroughness rather than with many students which almost inevitably "thins" the teaching. the shadhdhuli school is frankly elitist without making any apologies. you might say it is a school concerned with quality rather than quantity. this is an attempt to answer the first question you asked. i will try, inshallah, if you like, to answer other questions you raised as i have the time. if others on this list are of the opinion that these are private answers and object to its being posted to the general list please say so and i will post answers privately to c. woodsong. wa salaam A.N.Durkee Green Mountain School A. N. Durkee Green Mountain ------------------------------ End of tariqas-digest V1 #101 *****************************